Greece
Ecotouirsm in Greece: a sustainable travel guide
WELCOME TO THE ULTIMATE TRAVEL GUIDE TO SUSTAINABILITY AND ECOTOURISM IN GREECE!
Greece is a perennial favorite among tourists – and for good reason. From its rich history to its stunning blue waters, from the incredible food to the world-renowned nightlife, there is something for everyone to fall in love with.
Plus, with thousands of kilometers of coastline and enough mountains to make it one of Europe’s rockiest countries, Greece definitely has what it takes to become an ecotourism dream destination. There’s so much to do that you’ll have trouble choosing!
In this guide, you’ll find everything you need to know about sustainable travel and ecotourism in Greece.
Best time to visit Greece
Between its fascinating history and tasty food, there isn’t really a bad time to visit Greece. However, you may want to consider a couple of things.
Overtourism is a serious issue in Greece and the hordes of tourists flocking to the popular destinations during the summer months put a strain on the environment and local communities. If you do want to visit during the peak season, choose off-the-beaten-path destinations and support the local communities.
Traveling to Greece in the shoulder season (March-May and September-November) is definitely the wisest choice if you want to find good deals, enjoy a tranquil vacation without crowds, and have a more local experience.
Let’s take a closer look at the best time to visit Greece as a responsible traveler.
March to May – shoulder season
March through May is shoulder season in Greece and the perfect time to visit if you’re after warm weather but also want to beat the summer crowds. There’s very little chance of rain ruining your plans, so you can hike in the mountainous regions in the North, visit the cities on the mainland with their incredible archeological sites, or sample the local cuisine.
You can even head to the islands and take advantage of the off-peak-season prices. The water may be a bit too cool to go swimming and ferries still operate on reduced schedules, but there’s a lot to see and do.
Easter
Greece’s most celebrated holiday is Easter. The Greek Orthodox church, the country’s largest, celebrates Easter later than the Catholics do. This holiday happens early in the shoulder season, so you’ll be sure to miss the tourist crowds as you celebrate with locals.
Head to the islands for a more intimate celebration. Many have a firework display, and taverns stay open late for an after-mass meal.
It is recommended to book in advance as prices go up and places sell out quickly.
June to August – peak season
Come June, the peak season begins. Temperatures and prices are both at their highest and the islands and coastal towns are extremely crowded.
If you want to enjoy stunning beaches and turquoise blue waters, head to less obvious islands that are overlooked by most but are just as incredible. Some examples are Kythira, considered to be the birthplace of the goddess Aphrodite, Ithaca, the island of Odysseus, and Milos, known for its watermelon pies.
Visiting cities may also be a good option to avoid crowds as most people head to the coast. However, they get insanely hot in summer.
September to November – shoulder season
Just like springtime, September through November is a great time to visit Greece.
Islands are awesome in September and October and the water is still warm after soaking up the summer heat. As November creeps along the weather becomes windier and generally less beach-friendly, but it’s still good enough to explore cities and archeological sites to learn more about Greek culture and history. Plus, it’s wine harvest time!
December to February – low season
Greece doesn’t get extremely cold in winter with temperatures ranging between 10-15°C (50-60 °F). It’s the best time to find cheap deals on accommodation and tickets while enjoying some crowd-free sightseeing. The weather may be less stable but it’s no big deal if you want to visit mainland destinations – remember to pack an umbrella just in case!
Temperatures are lower in the northern regions that offer amazing skiing opportunities.
It is not recommended to visit the islands during winter. Locals themselves often up and leave, and some restaurants close for the entire season. However, you can still have an enjoyable experience on bigger islands like Crete and Rhodes, despite the reduced ferry routes.
Ecotourism destinations in Greece
Greece packs countless destinations within its borders and a lot of them are doing their best to offer sustainable options to tourists.
Athens (and surroundings)
As one of the world’s oldest cities, Athens is a treasure trove of archaeological sites, natural beauty, and ancient traditions. The Acropolis and Parthenon top the list of things to do in the city, but you should also visit the Agora, the Temple of Hephaestus, and the National Archaeological Museum. Keep in mind that these sites are very delicate and there are some rules in place to minimize the impact of tourism on them – follow the instructions and don’t try to go around them to get a perfect picture for Instagram or, even worse, to bring a piece of the ruins back home.
If ancient history is not your thing, visit some of Athens’ old neighborhoods and get lost among their narrow streets. A good one is the Anafiotika neighborhood with its quaint corners and charming vibe.
Instead, if you’re looking for some adventure, head just outside the city and explore the Hymettus mountain range, Philoppapou hill, or Lycabettus hill. You’ll find many ecotourism activities there, from hiking to birdwatching, to vising old monasteries in the mountains.
Northern Greece
Often overlooked in favor of the islands, northern Greece will astound you with its gorgeous nature, authentic lifestyle, and delicious cuisine. Here are some popular destinations as well as hidden gems!
1. Thessaloniki and Mount Olympus
With its 2500 years of history, the city of Thessaloniki is basically an open-air museum showcasing Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Jewish elements right next to modern buildings. Explore the Old Town, climb the iconic White Tower for the best view of the city, and take a stroll along Thessaloniki’s waterfront to enjoy a meal at one of the many restaurants and cafes. For the best local products, visit some of the local markets, such as Kapani or Modiano (the two biggest ones).
If you are more of an outdoorsy person, Thessaloniki has a lot to offer just outside the city walls. The Kalochorio lagoon, the Kitrous salines, the Galiko river estuary, and the Koronia and Volvi wetland are some great options, but the real star of this region is definitely Mount Olympus.
Hundreds of hiking trails, rock climbing spots, canyoning routes, ski resorts… you name it. If you are looking for stunning views and unspoiled nature, this is the place to be.
When the Ancient Greek Gods picked Mount Olympus as their home, they definitely knew what they were doing!
2. Halkidiki peninsula
Halkidiki is a “three-legged” peninsula – as Greeks call it – sticking out into the Aegean Sea. It may look small on a map, but it boasts some of the best beaches in Greece, over 20 trails through the mountains, incredible archeological sites, Byzantine churches, traditional Greek villages, and more.
Halkidiki is a short drive from Thessaloniki and also well-connected by public transportation, so it’s a perfect day trip idea if you don’t want to spend your entire vacation on the peninsula.
So, what is there to do in Halkidiki? A whole lot!
The first “leg” you encounter when traveling to Halkidiki is Kassandra. Outlined by beaches on both sides, it’s a popular destination with many tourist hotspots but also hidden gems.
Kassandra is actually an island separated from the peninsula by the Pontidea canal. The bridge near Nea Pontidea is a great spot to watch the sunset.
Also, make sure to include some authentic villages in your itinerary – Anfytos with its viewpoints and the sanctuary of Zeus Ammon in Kallithea are definitely worth a visit.
Less touristy than Kassandra is the “middle leg”, Sithonia, which is the best choice if you want to avoid the crowds and have a more local experience.
The many guesthouses and family-owned hotels also make it easier for tourists to support the local communities as opposed to Kassandra where large resorts mushroomed everywhere in the past few years.
The Agios Nikolaos region is one of the highlights of Sithonia and is renowned for the production of olive oil, wine, honey, and the local tsipouro liquor – in other words, the perfect place to buy souvenirs to bring back home!
Lastly, the third “leg”, Mount Athos. It is a sacred mountain only inhabited by monks. Men can visit the area after obtaining a special permit – every day, 100 Greek Orthodox and 15 men of other faiths are allowed in the area and can stay at one of the monasteries free of charge. On the other hand, women are not allowed on Mount Athos.
3. Ioannina and Northern Pindos national park
Ioannina is an inland region of Greece that may not have silky beaches and blue waters, but its natural beauty and authentic little villages totally make up for it.
The capital, also called Ioannina, displays a beautiful blend of cultures thanks to its rich history. The emblematic castle is one of the few in Europe that’s still inhabited all year round.
This region is also famous for its metal-working artisans as you can tell from the number of jewelry stores sparkling at every corner. Especially popular are the picturesque villages of Kalarites, the birthplace of the founder of the jewelry brand Bvlgari, and Syrrako, a short drive away. Supporting these artisans is extremely important as traditional jobs are disappearing under the pressure of overtourism.
The Ioannina region is also covered in national parks. The Northern Pindos one welcomes thousands of hikers every day and offers climbing, swimming, rafting, kayaking, and mushroom-picking opportunities. Bear-watching is also a bucket-list activity this park is popular for.
When it’s time to take a break, stop at one of the mountain villages in the area and taste the locally-produced wine and cheese.
4. Zagori villages and Vikos-Aoos National Park
The Zagori region encompasses 46 remote villages scattered through a thick forest. The local architecture made of stone and wooden houses, gorgeous mansions, and cobblestone streets will have you feeling like you traveled back in time.
Every single one of these villages is worth visiting, but if you’re in Greece for just a few days, you may consider the following ones:
- Monodendri. This small mountain village is the starting point of many hiking trails, including the one leading to the Vikos gorge (also known as the “Greek Grand Canyon”). On the way to the gorge, you may stop and visit the beautiful Monastery of Aghia Paraskevi built in the 1400s.
The main square of Monodendri is home to the Rizarios Exhibition Center and Handicraft School where you can see local embroiderers at work and buy their handicrafts decorated according to tradition. As always, this is a great way to support local businesses and have a unique memory for yourself.
- Vikos. As you can probably tell from the name, Vikos is another village within the Vikos-Aoos National Park and very close to the Vikos gorge (about 30 minutes of hiking). It’s also an ideal place for all kinds of outdoor activities.
- Tristeno. The name Tristeno (“three alleys”) refers to the three narrow passages that separate the hills above the village.
Small rivers and streams run through Tristeno, making the cobblestoned streets even more quaint. What you don’t want to miss is the stone watermill built in 1835 and one of the few operating watermills left in the country.
You can learn more about each of the villages on the website of the Municipality of Zagori.
Central Greece
Central Greece remains pretty much untouched by mass tourism and this makes it the perfect destination to go off the beaten path and discover lesser-known spots.
Delphi is a popular choice, but there’s so much more to Central Greece. A road trip will allow you to wander freely the little villages while the hiking trails will let you explore the natural beauty of this mountainous region.
Here are some suggestions.
1. Delphi and Parnassos National Park
Considered the center of the Earth by ancient Greeks, Delphi boasts countless archeological sites that attract tourists from all over. One of them is the Temple of Apollo, the most important in Greece and home to the Oracle of Delphi which was believed to predict the future.
If you’re feeling adventurous, you can explore the Parnassos National Park and hike one of the many trails available. A portion of the E4 path (the long-distance path that crosses Europe from Gibraltar to Cyprus) is located here and is a popular choice among locals and tourists alike. As an alternative, you can hike to Eptastomo, the southernmost glacier in Europe.
2. Meteora monasteries
Meteora means “suspended in the air” and that’s exactly how visiting this place will have you feeling. In fact, the monasteries are perched on top of monolithic rock pillars that can reach 600 meters in height. The views are simply breathtaking whether you look at the valley from the top or admire the rock formations and the monasteries from the bottom. The closest villages to Meteora are Kalambaka and Kastraki – you can find accommodation, tavernas, and the entrance to several hiking trails.
3. Evrytania
Evrytania is one of Greece’s most mountainous regions and is often referred to as “little Switzerland” for its beautiful lakes, sloping forests, and overall natural beauty. It’s another great destination for hiking, rock climbing, rafting, kayaking, and the like.
Its main city, Karpenisi, is a wonderful winter destination thanks to the local ski resort on Mount Tymfristos. Even more fascinating are the little villages with their traditional architecture and hearty tavernas where you can taste some delicious local cheeses and wines.
Peloponnese
This southern region has got something for everybody. Lush mountains, winding rivers, some of the most important archaeological sites in Greece, quaint little villages, and swoon-worthy beaches. Here are some ecotourism destinations you may want to visit.
1. Nafplio and Mycenae
Nafplio is a little coastal gem and the former capital of the Greek state. Its varied architecture displays Ottoman, Byzantine, Frank, and Venetian memories and gives a glimpse of the rich history of this region.
The Palamidi castle, built by the Venetians in the 1600s, is beautifully preserved and, after climbing its 999 steps, you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking views all around. The little island of Agioi Theodoroi is home to Bourtzi, another Venetian fortress that’s definitely worth a visit.
Less than 30 minutes away from Nafplio is the archaeological site of Mycenae with its acropolis, citadel, and the famous Treasury of Atreus. Walk through the Lion Gate and explore this ancient city that gave its name to an entire civilization. I strongly recommend booking a guided tour to learn the extremely fascinating history behind those ruins.
2. Epidaurus and Didyma
Epidaurus is another important archaeological site less than an hour away from Mycenae. You can easily visit them both on the same day if you’re short on time but still want to cross one more item off your bucket list. The Theater of Epidaurus is undoubtedly the highlight of the site and it’s so well-preserved that it’s still used for shows and events during the annual Athens-Epidaurus Festival. Don’t forget to test its acoustics – if you stand on the Orchestra (i.e. the “stage”) and speak, people sitting on the top tiers will be able to hear you perfectly.
Didyma is a small village south of Epidaurus. It is famous for the two massive craters that can be seen even from far away before the village. The bigger one is very impressive with a diameter of 150 meters, but the smaller one is far more interesting thanks to the two byzantine monasteries built at the bottom of it directly into the rock.
3. Sparta and the Mani peninsula
Modern Sparta is a vibrant city with large squares, restaurants, cafes, and museums, all featuring a neoclassical style. The most sought-after spot is probably the statue of Leonidas, the Spartan king that lost his life in the Battle of the Thermopylae along with 300 brave warriors. Right in front of it lie the ruins of the ancient town of Sparta including the temple where the remains of King Leonidas were supposedly buried.
If you want to add some natural beauty to your trip, head south and explore the Mani peninsula, the southernmost point of mainland Greece. This is a lesser-known destination, so you’ll be able to have an authentic experience and support the local communities. A great ecotourism activity you shouldn’t miss is taking a tour of the Diros caves. They are one of the best natural wonders in Greece and are home to a unique ecosystem. Keep in mind that most of the tour will be by boat as the caves are partially submerged.
Islands
Greece boasts about 6000 islands dotting the Ionian and Aegean Seas and offering tourists the most diverse activities and landscapes. Of those, only 200ish are inhabited but this doesn’t make the choice any easier.
Greek islands are generally clustered in the following 6 groups but many of them a super close to each other, so you can combine them as you prefer. Grab a pen and paper and take notes if something catches your attention!
1. Ionian
. This is the only cluster on the Ionian side of Greece (west coast) and includes many popular destinations such as Kefalonia, Corfu, and Zakynthos as well as lesser-known ones like Ithaca, considered to be the birthplace of Homer’s hero, Odysseus.
These islands are truly unique – green pine forests meet the turquoise of the Mediterranean waters, and the silky beaches offer a chance to relax after exploring the nearby towns with their rich history and Venetian influences.
2. Cyclades
This cluster is called “Cyclades” (circular islands) because the islands form a circle around the sacred island of Delos, the birthplace of the Gods Apollo and Artemis. Some of the most popular islands are Santorini, Mykonos, and Naxos with their white sugar-cube houses and blue domes. If you want to enjoy a tranquil vacation without crowds, the lesser-known Cyclades are just as stunning – head to Kythnos, Syros, Folegandros, or the Small Cyclades, and you won’t be disappointed.
3. North Aegean
North Aegean islands are not very popular among tourists as they’re quite far from the other groups, but this is what makes them special. In fact, you’ll be able to experience a more traditional and authentic lifestyle, meet friendly locals, and sample the local cuisine. You can find some of the best and most picturesque spots on Thassos, Lesbos, Ikaria, and Chios.
4. Sporades
Sporades are a group of 24 islands of which only 4 are inhabited. Skiathos is probably the most popular – despite its small size, it boasts 60 beaches, lush forests, and an exciting nightlife. The other three are Skopelos, Skiros, and Alonissos, which is one of the best ecotourism destinations in all of Greece thanks to its natural parks, impressive ecosystems, and culturally-rich activities.
5. Dodecanese
These islands are very close to the Turkish coast and look quite different from the others due to their medieval influences. Rhodes and Kos are by far the most visited, but Kalymnos deserves a mention for outdoor activities and water sports.
6. Saronic
Lastly, the Saronic islands are incredibly close to Athens and can be visited on a day trip if you don’t have more time. Despite that, they are not very popular among international tourists and are a great choice for those looking to travel responsibly. Hydra is a car-free island which means you can only move around by boat or on foot. Poros is a hidden gem that has a lot to offer as well.
It’s up to you now. You can go island hopping and hit up all the main spots or linger on just a couple of them for longer. Either way, try to minimize your negative impact on the communities by not contributing to overtourism and be respectful of the natural environment. For instance, you could pick less obvious islands or visit during the shoulder season.
Suggested itineraries in Greece
1. Greece itinerary, 7 days
Athens (2 nights) + Meteora (1) + Delphi (1) + Nafplio (1) + Crete (2)
2. Greece itinerary, 14 days
Athens (2 nights) + Meteora (1) + Delphi (1) + Nafplio (1) + Crete (4) + Santorini (2) + Paros (2)
3. Greek island-hopping itinerary, 7 days
Athens (2 nights) + Paros (2) + Santorini (2)
4. Greek island-hopping itinerary, 14 days
Athens (2 nights) + Sifnos (2) + Milos (3) + Santorini (3) + Crete (3)
5. Northern Greece itinerary, 8 days
Thessaloniki & Mt. Olympus (3 nights) + Sithonia (1) + Meteora (1) + Northern Pindos National Park (1) + Zagori villages (1)
6. Peloponnese itinerary, 7 days
Nafplio (2 nights) + Epidaurus (1) + Sparta (2) + Diros Caves (1)
7. Mainland Greece itinerary
Thessaloniki & Mt. Olympus (3 nights) + Sithonia (1) + Meteora (1) + Northern Pindos National Park (1) + Zagori villages (1) + Nafplio (2) + Epidaurus (1) + Sparta (2) + Diros Caves (1)
Neighboring countries
If you decide to travel onward from Greece and visit one or more neighboring countries, here are some options for you:
- Turkey – you can either take the ferry from the Greek islands closer to the Turkish coast or travel by bus from Thessaloniki to Istanbul or other major cities in Turkey.
- Albania – once again, you have the option to take a ferry from Corfu or a bus from Athens or Thessaloniki.
- Macedonia – the easiest way to reach Macedonia is by bus, but there are also a few trains that connect other Balkan countries to Greece and stop in Macedonia (most likely in the capital, Skopje).
- Bulgaria – just like Macedonia, you can take a bus or train in Thessaloniki and reach Sofia.
- Italy – although a bit further away than the other countries, Italy can be easily reached by ferry. You can choose among the ports of Trieste or Venice (North), Ancona (Center), and Bari (South) depending on your itinerary.
Sustainable travel and ecotourism in Greece
Between the mainland and the islands, Greece offers a seemingly never-ending list of destinations and activities. As always, it’s crucial to take care of your surroundings and minimize your negative impact.
Read on to find out what you can do!
Types of ecotourism in Greece
Wildlife tourism in Greece
Local communities in Greece
Ecotourism projects in Greece
Volunteering in Greece
Environmental issues in Greece
Types of ecotourism in Greece
Here are some popular types of ecotourism in Greece that may inspire you to plan your responsible trip!
1. Adventure tourism in Greece. A country filled with such natural beauty is a dream destination for anyone who is outdoorsy and wants to stay in touch with nature. There’s no need to be an adrenaline junkie or a thrill seeker – you can find lots of hikes, canyoning routes, and water sports that are suitable for beginners.
2. Cultural tourism in Greece. What better place to experience cultural tourism than Greece, the cradle of western civilization? There are hundreds of possibilities, you just have to pick what interests you the most.
3. Wine tourism in Greece. Maybe it’s not as popular as the Italian or French ones, but Greek wine is really really good. The best time to visit is during harvest time (September – November) which is also in the shoulder season. This means no crowds and lower prices.
4. Religious tourism in Greece. Religious tourism is quite niche and not for everyone, but you can still find something interesting even if you’re not a devoted Christian. An example is the Meteora monasteries which are truly impressive and surrounded by incredible views.
5. Rural tourism in Greece. Rural tourism (sometimes referred to as agrotourism) is taking off as a form of ecotourism in Greece. Many farms have been partly converted to accommodation for tourists who want to relax while tasting locally-produced food and enjoying nature.
6. Winter tourism in Greece. Traveling outside the peak season is always a good idea – you get a better experience and don’t put too much pressure on the local communities and environment. The northern regions are a great choice if you like snow while the cities are ready to welcome you all year round.
Wildlife tourism in Greece
Being a country rich in mountain ranges, crystal clear waters, caves, and forests, Greece has a lot to offer in terms of ecosystems and wildlife encounters. Unfortunately, unethical tour operators often take advantage of tourists’ lack of awareness to make money from activities that irreparably damage the flora and fauna.
Turtles
Greece is home to a population of loggerhead sea turtles, an endangered species that uses the Greek islands, especially the Ionian, as breeding sites. Female turtles select a nesting spot in open beach areas or on top of sand dunes, dig a hole and lay their eggs in it. Finally, they cover their eggs with sand and get back into the sea. The summer months are the most critical because that’s when the entire breeding process happens. Unfortunately, that’s also peak season in Greece.
Tourism development has deprived loggerhead turtles of many nesting areas and keeps threatening their survival in many different ways. For instance, the artificial lights in the proximity of the beaches cause the death of thousands of baby turtles every year: hatchlings use the light of the Moon that reflects on the water to find their way to the sea. Unfortunately, they are frequently disoriented by artificial lights and go in the wrong direction.
In addition, the presence of tourists has a huge impact on the nests. People frequently destroy them by stepping on the eggs, damaging them while placing their beach umbrellas, or digging them out of the sand on purpose.
What can you do?
1. Check if the beach you’re planning to go to has any guidelines in place and if any areas are off-limits. Follow all the listed rules and only do what’s allowed.
2. Before leaving, remove any sign of your presence on the beach especially if you dug holes, built sand castles, or the like. Those are all potential obstacles to the turtles looking to lay their eggs and the hatchlings trying to reach the water.
3. Don’t place your own beach umbrella into the sand unless you’re sure the beach is not a breeding site for the turtles. Alternatively, you can pay for a spot at a beach that’s already equipped with umbrellas – it’s less likely you’ll damage a nest as the umbrellas are not moved around too much once they have been placed.
4. If you see a nest and think it may be in danger due to tourism activities, call the local authorities or relevant organizations. Do not take any initiative by yourself as you can easily do more harm than good.
5. If you want to help, find an organization to volunteer for or donate to a charity that operates in turtle conservation.
6. Do not book boat tours around Laganas Bay, Zakynthos. The area became popular for the presence of turtles and the National Marine Park nearby. Unfortunately, the bay is now constantly overcrowded with boats from tour companies or boats tourists rent and drive themselves. ARCHELON, the Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece, warns that turtles are often injured or even killed after a collision. Boats also enter the strictly protected waters of the Marine Park.
Corals and starfish
Pictures of snorkeling tours around the coral reefs or beach selfies with a starfish as a prop look great on social media. But they fail to show what happens once the camera is turned off.
Unexperienced snorkelers often swim too close to the corals and, not being able to fully control their movements, hit them or just grab them to push themselves forward.
Starfish are also extremely delicate. Some species can hold their breath for less than 30 seconds out of the water, so even holding them for a quick picture will likely kill them. Touching them underwater is still very risky as they may be contaminated by the bacteria present on human skin.
What can you do?
1. If you go snorkeling or diving don’t touch, damage, or take anything away from the coral reefs or the sea bed. Everything you find underwater has a role in the ecosystem.
2. Don’t pick up starfish or touch them underwater.
3. Don’t buy souvenirs with dead starfish or pieces of corals as decorations.
4. Use reef-safe sunscreen.
Sponges, sand, and sea shells
Sponges, sand, and sea shells are incredibly important to marine ecosystems but, once again, uninformed tourists take them as a souvenir to bring back home. This results in massive losses, especially in the areas that experience overtourism.
What can you do?
1. Do not take anything with you when you leave the beach.
2. Do not buy souvenirs decorated with sea shells or sand. Although you don’t collect anything by yourself, you will incentivize someone else to do it.
3. Only buy sustainably-sourced sea sponges, which is rarely the case in souvenir shops. A pharmacy or specialized store is a better place to look.
Dolphin and whale watching
Dolphin and whale watching can be an ethical way to see these animals with minimal impact on their welfare. Make sure you choose a responsible tour company, though.
What can you do?
1. Do your research about the tour operator you’re planning to do with. You can find a checklist under the “ethical dolphin and whale watching” section here.
2. Don’t go to marine parks. These kinds of attractions force wildlife into captivity and unnatural interactions with tourists. Learn more in this article.
Local communities
While local communities in Greece heavily rely on tourism for their income, they also endure the consequences of overtourism. In certain areas, it gets to the point where the negatives outweigh the positives.
As a responsible traveler, it’s super important to support the communities you’re visiting.
To begin with, try not to make your presence that noticeable – it’s totally fair to want to just relax and have fun on vacation, but don’t get in the way of the locals living their daily life.
In addition, you can actively support those communities with a few simple actions like the ones suggested below.
Urban Athens Collective is a non-profit organization that gives part of the revenue back to the community.
Shedia is another great option to support the community, especially homeless people. For instance, they do “Invisible Tours“ of Athens where the guides are homeless citizens, and have a “Suspended Coffee” initiative where you can pay for a coffee for someone who can’t afford it.
You may also consider just traveling in the low season and take advantage of the activities the local tourism board offers to promote sustainable tourism in Greece and make it a 365 destination.
Ecotourism projects in Greece
If you find out about ecotourism initiatives or sustainable projects being developed in the area, do what you can to amplify those efforts rather than hinder them. There are so many ways to support communities indirectly.
For instance, the island of Paros is trying to go plastic-free thanks to a project called Clean Blue Paros. Participation is entirely voluntary but you could contribute by being mindful of what you consume while there. If you need some inspiration, you can read my eco-friendly packing guide.
Google has also started a partnership with the Greek Ministry of Tourism to support Greece in the transition to sustainable tourism. That’s one more reason to support businesses that are trying to change the way they operate in the name of sustainability!
Volunteering in Greece
Volunteering during your vacation can be a form of sustainable travel in Greece. However, you should choose an organization carefully.
Immigration is quite an issue in Greece as thousands of people try to cross the Mediterranean and reach the shore of Greece hoping to build a better life there. Unfortunately, these immigrants end up living in camps for years and local NGOs are vital to ensure everybody’s basic needs are met.
The situation is far from perfect and volunteers could help fill the gaps. However, they could also aggravate the problems if not properly trained. Unskilled volunteers may ask triggering questions to people who have already experienced severe trauma and may not be able to handle the response, or they could create attachment issues in young refugees by being there for a couple of weeks and then leaving.
It’s important to consider if you can provide real value with your presence and skills. If not, you could volunteer in an area where you can contribute properly. An option could be conservation – a lot of help is needed and the tasks are very diverse.
Environmental issues in Greece
Responsible travel in Greece is essential when it comes to the natural environment – ecosystems are rich and diverse but also incredibly fragile. Here are two examples of how tourism aggravates environmental issues in Greece.
Wildfires
Greek summers are becoming increasingly hot and dry, and something as small as a cigarette butt or a bonfire that’s not been extinguished properly is enough to start a raging wildfire. Hectares of forests are destroyed every summer and careless behaviors from tourists may play a big part in that.
To avoid that, make sure you follow the guidelines imposed by the local authorities – use fire pits in equipped areas to start a bonfire, extinguish the fire and wait until it’s completely cold before leaving, don’t start a bonfire on a windy day, don’t throw away cigarette butts, don’t set off fireworks in the forests or near dry vegetation, and so on.
Cruise ships
Greece is one of the top cruise destinations in Europe and the world. However, this is both a blessing and a curse. The economic benefits come at a high cost for the locals and the environment.
Unfortunately, there are no easy solutions other than not visiting Greece on a cruise. There are quite a lot of sustainable alternatives to make the most of Greece’s turquoise waters other than cruises. Catamaran excursions and whale watching are some of them.
Bucket list experiences for responsible travelers in Greece
Greece is one of those countries where people can tick off multiple bucket-list experiences without having to travel far to do so. However, not all experiences are equally responsible. Some of them are straight-up unethical, others are inherently sustainable, and others can be done responsibly with a little extra effort.
Check out these sustainable options:
1. Go wildlife watching
Between the bears populating the forests of the northern regions and the hundreds of species of marine wildlife living around the islands, Greece offers countless opportunities for wildlife watching. Make sure you pick ethical activities, though! If you don’t know how, read this guide to ethical animal tourism.
2. Cave hopping in Crete
Drive across this beautiful island to learn about the cultural and historic significance of its caves – there are over 3000 of them! At only €4 during peak season, this affordable option will satisfy nature and history lovers alike.
3. Visit the Butterfly Valley in Rhodes
Rhodes is home to over 200 recognized species of butterflies. Walk around this 600-acre nature reserve that’s home to over 50 native species and take in the gorgeous island views. The cost of entry is €5 during the peak season, and €3 the rest of the time.
4. Try Greece’s delicious cuisine
Greece is vegan and vegetarian-friendly, so you’ll be good in almost any restaurant or cafe. A lot of typical dishes are already vegetarian and most of them can be easily adjusted and made vegan. Some examples are Gyros (wraps with different kinds of filling), spinach and feta pies (Tiropita), Greek salad, Gemista (stuffed bell peppers), and obviously Greek yogurt (vegan yogurt can be found especially in popular areas).
5. Monasteries in Meteora
This is one experience you’ll want to have during the off-season. Six monasteries line the sandstone pillars of the Chasia mountain range. At just €3 per monastery, this is another affordable experience that puts you in the middle of history and nature.
6. Attend the Full Moon Festival
If you’re lucky enough to be in Greece in August, you can attend the Full Moon Festival. Archaeological sites and museums stay open until late at night and offer music and dance shows, poetry performances, plays, and more. It’s a truly unique opportunity, and also free of charge as you won’t have to pay anything to attend these events.
7. Soak in history at the Acropolis in Athens
A visit to Athens is incomplete without visiting the Acropolis. Seen from many corners of the city, this ancient citadel is a reminder of the past there for all to see. Naturally, this is a very popular destination.
It is best to visit off-peak hours, and if possible, outside of peak season. To reduce visitor impact, Athens has created guidelines for visitors to adhere to. Be sure to follow all rules and respect the historical site.
8. Go on an eco-friendly catamaran excursion
Choose a catamaran experience that operates sustainably. When looking for boating options, opt for a sailboat. Sailing can be a responsible form of entertainment.
Some companies list out the steps they take to operate sustainably, including taking actions like limiting motor use and utilizing wind for energy generation and air conditioning.
Accommodation in Greece
Greece has accommodation options for all budgets and travelers – from cheap backpacker hostels to luxury resorts, you’ll find something for you.
Something you may want to keep in mind while booking accommodation is that you have a chance to support the local community with your money. Small locally-owned hotels and guesthouses are a great way to do that. If you don’t mind sharing your space with others you could book a bed at a hostel or a homestay, where locals will welcome you into their homes in exchange for a small fee.
Another option is staying at monasteries. It’s quite an uncommon experience, but make sure you follow the etiquette and schedule. Many monasteries will take you in for free, but you should check in advance as there may be periods when they don’t accept guests.
Big chain hotels and resorts may appeal to you with their sea-view pools and fancy rooftops. However, they do very little for the local communities and put a lot of pressure on them. Some of them are starting green initiatives to reduce their impact on the environment, but they’re not quite there yet. Better stick to other options where you can be sure your money goes directly into the hands of the locals.
You can learn more in my guide to finding sustainable accommodation.
How to get around
The easiest and most sustainable way to get around Greece is by bus – the national network KTEL offers frequent and extensive routes that can take you anywhere in the country. If you want to save a few bucks, trains are also an option but they’re less efficient and slower than buses, so it may not be worth it.
Renting a car is also an option for those looking to explore Greece at their own pace. However, make sure you do a bit of research in advance. If you’re staying on the beaten path and traveling in the high season, driving around and finding a parking spot is going to be a nightmare. In that case, you better look for accommodation that offers private parking and plan your itinerary carefully. Bikes are a much better alternative to move within cities and towns along with taxis.
Finally, if you’re traveling to the islands, you’ll obviously need to travel by ferry or small boat. The schedules are very easy to navigate and the frequent departures won’t have you wait long. The islands can be also reached by plane, but that’s more time-consuming and not great for the environment.
Useful Apps
All information about travel in Greece can be found online, but here are some useful apps to have ready.
Ferryhopper
This app makes island hopping easier. Timetables, routes, and reminders are all available instantly.
Maps.me
This offline map makes it easy to travel anywhere without getting lost. This is excellent for those who frequent public transportation and walking. Never get lost again!
Greece Travel Budget
You don’t need a massive budget to travel Greece sustainably. It obviously depends on your travel style, but here’s what you can expect.
Accommodation
Homestays start at around $11 per night, and midrange hotels are around $130 per night.
Transportation
Public transportation in Greece is affordable.
You can take a bus or the train from the airport to Athens city center for €5-7, and the normal metro and bus system fares are €4.5 for a whole day.
The price of public transportation varies slightly from island to island, but it is never more than a few Euros.
The ferry system is very well thought out and it is extremely common for both locals and tourists to take ferries between the islands. Routes are made logically so there is no backtracking when traveling from one island to another. This is a sustainable option that can often be faster than flying. Prices depend on the length of the journey and can range from 10-100 Euros.
Excursions
With prices ranging from €3 to over €50 for excursions, it’s hard to say how much you will need to visit Greece. Most activities are cheaper outside the peak season.
An eco-friendly low-budget traveler can expect to spend about €50 per day between food, accommodation, and excursions.
A mid-level traveler might spend over €100 per day.
Traveling to Greece on a budget
As always, take public transportation when possible. Bigger cities and towns have a well-connected transportation system that is efficient and reliable. Routes and departure times can be found online or on Google Maps.
When possible, walk between your activities. Destinations in Greece are very culturally diverse with many highlights that deserve to be seen.
Eat local street food! Greece is well known for Gyros. These small local shops offer an incredible amount of food for an affordable price.
Last but not least, be strategic about your itinerary – visit islands that are close in location to each other, and in an order that makes sense. Ferry routes and timetables can easily be found online.
Final Thoughts
Sustainable travel in Greece is definitely possible and you could play a big part in its development – visit off peak season, be mindful of the places you’re observing, and support the local communities.
Greece truly is a gorgeous country – just get out there and enjoy!
December 29, 2022
